Photographic shutter.



A. WOLLENSAK.

PHOTQGRAPHIC SHUTTER. APPLICATION FILED MAR-$1916- Patented Jan. 30,191-7.

8 SHEETSSHEET l.

A. WOLLENSAK.

PHOTOGRAPHIC SHUTTER.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 9. 1915.

Pafoenned Jan. 30, 1917.

B SHEETS-SHEET 2- A. WOLLENSAK. PHOTOGRAPHIC SHUTTER.

APPLICATION men MAR. 9.191s.

1,214,250. Patented Jan. 30, 1917.

8 SHEETS-SHEET 3- 5254 9 l/ 52 a 56 6/ f9 64 63 i 43 46 5 87 66 7; I -44a 92 (I) 29 A. WOLLENSAK.

PHOTOGRAPHIC SHUTTER.

APPLICATION FILED KAR- 9. ms.

1,214,250. Patented Jan. 30, 1917.

8 SHEETSSHEET 4.

flnwmntmr M 10 4 49am a1 A. WOLLENSAK.

PHOTOGRAPHIC SHUTTER APPLICATION FILED mm. 9. 1916.

1,214,250. Patented Jan. 30,1917.

8 SHEETS-SHEET 5- A. WOLLENSAK.

PHOTOGRAPHIC SHUTTER.

APPLICATIQN FILED MAR. 9. 1916.

Patmwd Jan. 30, 1917.

8 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

llnw mmrs A. WOLLENSAK.

PHOTOGRAPHIC SHUTTER.

Arrucmou EILED ma. 9. 1916.

1,214,250. Patented Jan. 30, 1917.

8 SHEETS-SHEET 8.

Fig 1a.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ANDREW WOLLENSAK, OF ROCHESTER, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO WOLLENSAK OPTICALCOMPANY, OF ROCHESTER, NEW YORK, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

PHOTOGRAPHI'C SHUTTER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 30, 1917.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that 1, ANDREW VVoLLENsAK, acitizen of the United States, and resident of Rochester, in the countyof Monroe and State of New York, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Photographic Shutters, of which the following is aspecification.

The present invention relates to photographic shutters, and an objectthereof is to provide an improved construction in which the photographicblades are adapted to open and close the exposure opening by asimultaneous continued movement in one direction.

Another object of the invention is to so construct a shutter having suchblade movement that it may be operated automatically, that is, set andreleased by a single operating device.

Still another object of the invention is to provide a simple andinexpensive mounting for the exposure ring which connects with theblades to effect their movements.

A further object of the invention is to improve the connection betweenthe wire release and the operating or actuating lever of the shutter.

A still further object of the invention is to improve the retardingmechanism so that it acts upon the blades while the latter are beyondthe range of the exposure opening. And still another object of theinvention is to provide an improved connection between the controllingring and the Shutter casing on which the ring is mounted.

To these and other ends, the invention consists of certain parts andcombinations of parts all of which will be hereinafter described, thenovel features being pointed out in. the appended claims.

In the drawings :Figure 1 is a front view of a shutter embodying thepresent improvements; Fig. 2 is a view of the shutter with the indicatorplate removed; I ig. 3 is a. view of the shutter with the indicatorplate and the controlling ring removed; Fig. a is a view illustratingthe exposure mechanism; Fig. 5 is an interior view of the shutter withparts removed, illustrating the connection between one of the latchesand the exposure ring, the latch being shown in a position which itoccupies while the shutter blades are open; Fig. 6 is an interior viewwith parts removed, showing the shutter blades in one of their closedpositions and the position of the latches at such time; Fig. 7 is aninterior view of the shutter with the indicator plate, the cam ring, andthe top or cover plate removed, the parts being in the positions whichthey occupy before the shutter is actuated; Fig. 8 is a view similar toFig. 7, showing the parts in the positions which they occupy at the timethe master member is about to be released by the actuating lever; Fig. 9is a detail view of the plate which supports the bulb and time detents,and carries the fixed abutments which hold the latches out of connectionwith the exposure ring; Fig. 10 is an interior view of the shutter withthe retarding mechanism. removed as well as the bulb and time detents,the master member being shown partially in full lines and partially indotted lines; the purpose of this view being to Show the manner in whichthe latches are shifted alternately by the lugs on the exposure memberinto engagement with the fixed retaining devices; Fig. 11 is a detailview of the exposure member and its cooperating detent; Fig. 12 is aview similar to Fig. 10 in which the latches are shifted so that one ofthem is about to engage with the exposure member, while the other isheld out of connection with the exposure member; Fig. 13 is a viewsimilar to Figs. 10 and 1:2 showing the positions of the parts after themaster member has been released and the blades closed; Figs. 11 and 15are views of the shutter showing the front indicator plate removed andparts of the cam ring and top plate broken away in order to illustratetwo positions of the time and bulb detents when the shutter is adjustedfor time exposure; Figs. 16 and 17 are two detail views illustrating twopositions of the time and bulb detents when the shutter is adjusted forbulb exposure; Fig. 18 is an axial section through the shutter on theline aa of Fig. 1;

Fig. 19 is a detail side view of the indicator plate; Fig. 20 is adetail view showing the manner in which the detent secures the indicatorplate in position; Fig. 21 is a detail perspective view of the detentfor holding. the exposure ring against movement; Fig. 22 is a detailview of the operating or actuating lever which moves the master memberagainst the action of its spring; Fig. 23 is a detail view of one of thelatches which neiaaco shifts the exposure ring together with thesupporting lever for such latch; Fig. 24 is a detail view of the mastermember; Fig. 25 is a detail view of the finger piece which forms part ofthe operating lever; Fig. 26 is a detail view of the bulb detent; Figs.27 and 28 are detail views of two levers employed in the retardingmechanism; and Fig. 29 is a detail View of the time detent.

In the illustrated embodiment of the invention there is employed acasing comprising preferably a ring portion 1 projecting laterally froman annular or wall portion 2 and an externally and internally threadedflange or ring portion 3 projecting from the annular portion 2 in adirection opposite from that in which the ring portion 1 extends, theportion 3 serving for attaching the shutter to the camera. The wall orannular portion 2 is provided with two concentric depressed portions 4and 5, and on one of these depressed portions the rotaryv member 6 ofthe iris diaphragm is seated. This rotary member may be connected byscrews 7 with an indicator ring 8 arranged on the exterior of thecasing, and having two pointers 9 and 10, the former cooperating with ascale 11 on the periphery of the casing and the latter cooperating witha scale 12 on the indicating plate of the shutter. Secured to the innerface of the wall 2 by screws 13 is a stationary iris plate or ring 14,the iris blades 15 being connected at one end to this plate and at theother end to the plate or rotary member 6 in any suitable manner as, forinstance, in the manner shown in U. S. Letters Patent N 0. 993,431,granted to VVollensak Optical Company on May 30, 1911.

Next to the iris diaphragm the exposure mechanism is arranged. Thismechanism embodies certain features which are novel in the art, andcomprises in this instance a plurality of blades 16 pivoted at 17 onhollow posts which are struck up from the fixed iris plate 14. The formand operation of these blades are similar to those disclosed in U. S.Patent No. 961,192, granted June 1 1, 1910, to VVollensak OpticalCompany, in which the blades are adapted to open and close the exposureopening by simultaneous continued movement in one direction, and thenperforming the same operation in the other direction. The blades may beheld on the posts 17 by a retaining ring 18, which 1s secured in placeby screws 19 engaging the posts 17. This retaining ring may also serveas a bearing for the exposure or operating ring'20, the latter havinglugs or pintles 21 extending from one face thereof and operating inslots 22 in the blades 16 for the purpose of connecting with the blades.These lugs or pintles 21 also cooperate with the outer periphery of theretaining ring 18, and in this way serve toguide the operating ring 20in its rotary movement. This manner of securing the blades andsupporting the operating ring is one of the features of the presentinvention.

For the purpose of supporting certain parts of the operating mechanismin spaced relation to the blades there may be provided a supportingplate 23, shown in detail in Fig. 9. This plate has a central depressedportion 24 lying in abutment with the retaining ring 18 and held theretoby the screws 19, so that the said parts of the operating mechanism aresupported from a point within the exposure ring or member 20, and it isunnecessary to provide the wall 2 with posts which would interfere withthe operation of the shutter blades. This plate also serves to retainthe exposure ring 20 in cooperation with the retaining ring 18.

The operating mechanism for the blades or exposure mechanism comprisespreferably a motor or master member 25, shown in detail in Fig. 24, andcomprising preferably a curved lever pivoted substantially midwaybetween its ends on a post 26 which forms an extension of one of thescrews 13. In this instance this master member is provided with anextension 27 which is formed in one piece therewith and is alsojournaled on the post 26 in order to give rigidity to the master member25. A spring 28 acts on the master member to move the latter in onedirection.

Tn Patent No. 961,192 hereinbefore mentioned there is provided aconnection between the master or motor member and the exposure mechanismwhereby the master member can, by moving in one direction only, operatethe exposure member in either trade as an automatic shutter. The presentmechanism comprises preferably two relatively movable latches 29 and 30preferably pivoted, respectively, at 31 and 32 to movable supports 83and 34, respectively. These supports in this instance are in the form ofcrossed levers pivoted at 26 and 36, respectively, and each carrying aspring 37 which operates upon its respective latch normally to hold astop shoulder 38 on the latch against a stop shoulder 39 on its support.In this instance, the pivot 26 of the movable support 34 is common tothe pivot of the master member 25, while the pivot 36 is a post formingan extension of one of the screws 13. Connection between the twosupports 33 and the master member 25 is preferably established by meansof a pin or projection 40 on the lever 33, extending through a slot 41in the lever 34 and a slot 42 in the master lever 25, so that when themaster lever is moved in either direction, motion is transmitted to themovable levers or supports 33 and 34, and through them to the latches 29and 30. Plates 87 and 88 are secured to the supporting plate 23 toextend over the latches to confine them against lateral movement.

The latches 29 and 30 are adapted to cooperate with lugs 43 and 44,respectively, on the exposure ring or member 20, the lugs being arrangedsubstantially at diametrically opposite points on the exposure ring soas to be located on opposite sides of the exposure opening. It isapparent that both of these lugs will not lie simultaneously inpositions where they can be operatively engaged by the latches 29 and30, but that only one of such projections or lugs will lie in suchoperative position, and that when so arranged the latch 29 or 30 whichcoiiperates therewith will first engage the lug or projection at thebevel portion 45 to place the spring of the latch under tension, afterwhich the notch 46 will be reached, when the latch will hook over theprojection so that upon the return movement of the master member 25 theshoulder .47 on the latch will engage the projection and pull theshutter blades first to an open position and then to the closed positionby a continued movement of the blades in one direction.

On the next movement of the master member the other latch will beswitched into connection with the exposure mechanism, while the latchpreviously operating will be switched out of operative connection withthe exposure mechanism. For effecting this disconnection of either latchwith the exposure mechanism, while the other latch is operating toproduce the exposure operation, each latch is provided with an inclinedface or shoulder 48 which is adapted to cooperate or engage with itscorresponding lug or projection 43 or 44 on the exposure member whensuch lug or projection lies in inoperative position. This engagement orcooperation kicks the latch slightly to one side of the path it takes onefi ective operation, so that the lug or projection 48 form ing theinclined face is shifted into cooperation with a stationary guide orabutment 49 which, in this instance, is formed on the supporting plate23 and serves to retain or hold the latch out of the path of itsprojection on the exposure member 20 during the movement of saidexposure member projection back to its normal or effective position.When a. projection on the exposure member 20 is in effective position itcannot be engaged by its latch, and as a consequence the latch movestoward the projection without being brought into engagement with theretaining device 49. The rotation of the exposure member 20 is limitedin both directions by a stop 50 which forms an extension of one of thescrews 13, and is engaged by two projections 51 on the exposure ring 20at the two limits of the movement of the latter.

It is also desirable to provide some means of maintaining the exposuremechanism against accidental movement either under the action of jars ordue to the engagement between the latches 29 and 30 and their respectivelugs 43 and 44 on the exposure ring 20. To this end there may beprovided a detent 52 which is preferably pivoted at 53 on a post whichforms an extension of one of the screws 13. This detent has a lateralextension 54, the length of which corresponds to the length of themovement of the exposure member 20, so that opposite ends thereof may beengaged by opposite ends of a projection 55 on the exposure member 20. Aspring 56 tends normally to move this detent 52 to retaining position.

Any suitable means may be employed for operating the master member toset position. In this instance a lever part 57, substantially in theform of a bell-crank, has a lateral projection 58 near one end forcooperating with the end 59 of the master member, cooperation takingplace while the master member is being shifted to establish connectionbetween one of the latches 29 and 30 and the exposure member 20, afterwhich the lug 58 slips out of engagement with the master member to freethe latter in order that said master member may return under the actionof its spring 28 for effecting the opening and closing of the shutterblades. The arrangement of the lateral projection 58 on the operatinglever 57 permits a greater movement of the master lever with a giventhrow or movement of the operating lever, as it is possible for the endof the actuating lever to move so as to engage the master lever at apoint removed from its end and then to move toward the end of the masterlever. The lever part 57 may be moved by a finger piece 60 which, inthis instance, is formed from a separate piece of metal, turns on a post61 on which the operating lever part 57 also turns, and carries adepending projection 62 which engages with the lever part 57. Engagementbetween the lever part 57 and the finger piece is also effected by a lug63 on the lever 57 extending into engagement with the opposite side ofthe finger piece (30. A spring 57 tends to hold the operating lever innormal position.

The shutter is also capable of being operated through the means of arelease wire,

the sheath of which connects with an internally threaded tube 64 whichis provided with a laterally extending arm 65 lying on the interior ofthe shutter casing and held against the inner wall of the latter by ascrew 66. This tube 64 is cut away on the side opposite the operatinglever 63 in order that the end 67 of the lever may project into the tubefor engagement by the socketed end 68 of the release wire. By thisarrangement, the release wire is prevented from becoming disengaged fromthe end 67 of the operating lever 57, when the shutter is actuated toclose the same while being held open by the time detent to behereinafter described. The construction of this securing device for therelease wire forms one of the features of this invention. The supportingplate 23 is provided with a depression 92, which forms a continuation ofthe lower wall of the attaching tube and assists in the guiding actionof the socketed end of the cable release wire.

When the master or motor lever 25 is shifted by the operating lever 57the latter also engages a lateral projection 52 on the detent 52 so asto shift the detent in order to free the exposure member 20. At the timethe master member is freed by the operating member 57, the projection54: on the detent 52 passes out of engagement with the projection 55 onthe exposure member :20 so that the exposure member is free to turnunder the action of the master member.

The shutter is provided with means whereby it may be held open untilactuated a second time to close the same, or it may be held open as longas pressure is applied to the operating devices. Any suitable arrangement may be employed for producing these results, but in theillustrated embodiment two detents 68 and 69 are employed, the formerholding the shutter open until the operating devices are operated asecond time, and the latter holding the shutter open as long as pressureis applied to the operating devices. The detent 68 is provided with abearing extension 70 struck up from the piece of metal from which thedetent is formed and bent laterally so as to turn on the post 71, whichprojects from the plate 23. A shoulder 72 on the detent 68 is carried bythe detent into the path of the extension 73 on the master lever, so asto hold the latter in a position to retain the blades in open position.Under normal conditions the shoulder 63 on the operating lever 57cotiperates with the shoulder 7% on the time detent 68 to hold thelatter against movement into the path of the master lever, but when theoperating lever 57 is moved to shift the master lever in order to placetension on the spring of the latter, the time detent 68 is freed by theoperating lever 57 and permitted to move into the path of the mastermember under the action of a spring to be hereinafter described. Afterthe time detent 68 has moved into the path of the master member ashoulder 75 thereon enters into coiiperation with the shoulder 76 on thefinger piece part 60 of the operating lever, so that when the fingerpiece is again actuated the shoulder 76 will engage the shoulder 75 andshift the shoulder 7 2 on the time detent 68 out of the path of theprojection 73 on the master lever. The time detent may be held out ofoperation by a controlling member to be hereinafter described.

The bulb detent 69 has a lateral bearing extension 77 which turns on apin 78 extending from the supporting plate 23. This bulb detent isprovided with a shoulder 79 which is adapted to move in the path of theshoulder extension 73 of the master member to hold the latter againstmovement as long as the bulb detent lies in its path. In order that thebulb detent shall be moved out of the path of the master member upon thereturn movement of the operating member 57, the bulb detent is providedwith a cam face 80 which cotiperates with the lateral shoulder 63 on theoperating member. On the return movement of the operating member 57, theshoulder 63 rides on the cam face 80 and forces the bulb detent 69 in adirection to carry the shoulder 79 thereon out of the path of theprojection 73 on the master member, after which the lateral shoulder 63enters into cotiperation with the shoulder 81 on the bulb detent 69, andholds the bulb detent against movement. The bulb detent is provided withan extension 82, which coiperates with a lateral shoulder 83 on the timedetent, so that when the time detent is moved to its extreme positionout of coiiperation With the master lever by the controlling memberWhich coiiperates with said lateral extension 83, the bulb detent willalso be held out of operation. The bulb detent overlies the time detentand is provided with a slot 84, which receives the pivot pin '71 of thetime detent. A spring 85 is coiled about the pivot pin 78, and has onearm engaging the bulb detent 69 and the other arm extended andcotiperating with a lateral extension 86 on the time detent 68, so thata single spring acts on the time and bulb detents, notwithstanding thefact that both are arranged to turn upon different centers. A lug 89 onthe supporting plate 23 prevents the master lever from being pressedtoward the supporting plate.

A retarding mechanism may be embodied ger 95 to which is pivotallyconnected at 96 a bell-crank lever formed of two arms 97 and 98, eachturning on the pin 50 and connected by a vertical portion 100. A spring101 is arranged between the two arms of the bell-crank lever and acts onthe latter in a direction to withdraw the plunger from the dash pot. Thearm 98 or upper arm of the bell-crank lever has a lateral extension 102,which is controlled in such a manner as tocause the retarding action tobe varied. From the vertical portion 100 of the retarding lever an arm103 extends, and with this arm coiiperates an arm 104 on an intermediatelever interposed between the retarding lever and the end 105 of themaster member lhis intermediate lever is also formed from a single pieceof sheet material bent to provide a vertical portion 106, and twobearing portions 107 and 108, from the latter of which an arm 109extends for cooperation with the end105 of the member 25. A spring 110is arranged between the bearing portions 107 and 108 about'the pivot111, which extends from the supporting plate 23. The end 105 of themaster lever 25 is flexible so that when the master mem ber is moved,under the action of the operating lever 57, it rides over the arm 109 ofthe intermediate lever of the retarding mechanism, without affectingsuch lever, but upon a return movement of the master lever, and whilethe latter is in such a position that the exposure blades are notvisible through the exposure opening, the end 105 of the master leverengages with the arm 109 of the intermediate lever and shifts the latteragainst the action of its spring 110, eventually slipping off saidintermediate lever to permit the latter to return to normal positionunder the action of its spring 110, this slipping off occurring whilethe blades are still beyond the field of the exposure opening, so thatthe retarding mechanism operates on the shutter while the blades areaway from the field of the exposure opening. To prevent interferencebetween the end 105 of the master lever and the parts beneath the samethe end 105 travels in contact with the plate 88. When the intermediatelever df the retarding mechanism is acted upon by the master member, thearm 104 of the intermediate lever engages the arm 103 of the retardinglever, the engagement being such that the retarding lever arm 103 firstslides away from the pivot of the intermediate lever until such a timethat the two arms lie in fiat engagement one upon the-other, after whichthe end of the arm 104 engages the arm 103 and moves away from the pivotof the lever. By'this cooperation, during the first part of theretarding action, the intermediate lever exerts on the retarding lever aally decreased as the retarding action proceeds. This is especiallyadvantageous in a maximum force which is gradu-o construction in whichthe shutter blades move to open and close the exposure opening, by asimultaneous movement in one direction.

The casing is closed by a cover plate 111 which is secured in place byfive screws 112 arranged symmetrically between the five osts which areextended from the screws 13. This cover plate is provided with openings113 and 114, through which extend the pr0- jections on the time detentand the retarding mechanism, so that said projections may cooperate withthe controlling member 115, which is preferably in the form of a ringmounted to turn on the shutter casing and having portions 115 and 115cotiperating, respectively, with the 102. The manner of connecting thisring with the shutter casing is novel, and embodies, a peripherally andlaterally extending flange 116 on the ring engaged interiorly byfrictional devices on the shutter casing to maintain the its adjustedposition. In this instance the frictional devices embody a split ring117 secured at 11.8 to the top plate 111, and having the portions 119,adjacent the split, resiliently mounted so that they project slightlybeyond the periphery of the top plate 111*, and in this way frictionallyengage the interior face of the flange 116.

To maintain the controlling ring in place, and at the same time to closethe openings in the top plate and provide suitable sur faces for theindicating means of the iris diaphragm and the shutter mechanism, thereis provided an indicator .plate 120 formed with a central aperture,which is surrounded by an inwardly-turned flange 121. This indicatorplate also carries a number of projections 122 on its rear face, formedwith notches 123 and adapted to en gage in bayonet slots 124-in the topplate 111 To maintain the indicator plate in position, the cover plate111 carries, on its inner face, a pivoted detent 125, which engages oneof the projections 122 after the latter has been interlocked with thebayonet-slots 12 1. A portion 126 of this detent extends to the exteriorof the shutter casing, where it may be readily manipulated for thepurpose of freeing the indicator plate, so that the latter may be turnedslightly in order to be withdrawn from the bayonet slots 124.

The operation of the time and bulb detents has been set forth in detailin the foregoing description, and will not again be described especiallyas it is similar to that of the ordinary automatic shutter. Foreffecting the movement of the shutter blades, the actuating lever ismoved either by the wire release or the finger piece 60, and this causesthe projection 58 to shift the master lever 25 until the parts reach theposition shown in controlling ring in projections 83 and Fig. 8, wherethe exposure member is released by the detent 52 and one of the latches,in this instance, the latch 29, is in engagement with the projection 43on the exposure member 20 while the other latch 30 is held by theholding device 49 so that it cannot engage its projection 44 on theexposure member. On the return movement of the master member under theaction of its spring 28, the blades are pulled open, and then finallypulled closed by a movement in the same direction. On the next operationof the master lever, the other latch 30 moves to engage with itsprojection 44 on the exposure member while the inclined face 48 on thelatch 29 engages its projection 43 so that the latch will be shiftedinto cooperation with the adjacent retaining device 49, and theoperation of the shutter proceeds as before.

From the foregoing, it will be seen that there has been provided animproved exposure mechanism in which a rotary exposure ring turns upon ablade retaining ring by means of pintles which serve as operatingprojections for the blades. The bulb and time detents are supported froma plate which is secured within the exposure ring and serves to hold thelatter in position. The actuating lever for the master lever cooperateswith the latter in such a manner as to give an increased movement to thesame for a given movement in the actuating lever. The retaining tube forthe wire re lease is provided with an extension which serves to maintainthe wire release in contact with the actuating or operating lever, Themaster lever connects with the exposure member or ring by two relativelymovable latches which are alternately switched into and out ofconnection with the exposure member in order to move the latter inopposite directions. These latches are supported in a distinctive mannerby two crossed levers connected to the master lever. An automaticshutter has been provided in which the master member is adapted toconnect with the blades or exposure mechanism to move the latter inopposite directions, each of said movements producing an opening and aclosing of the blades. Provision has been made whereby the exposuremechanism is released simultaneously with the master member. An improvedretarding device has been provided by which the blades are effectivelyretarded while they are out of the field of the'exposure opening. Themanner of securing the controlling ring or member provides foreffectively holding the latter in its different positions while, at thesame time, permitting its ready adjustment.

What I claim asmy invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In a photographic shutter, an exposure mechanism comprising aplurality of pivotally mounted shutter blades, a retaining ring for saidblades, and an actuating ring having projections thereon mounted to turnon the periphery of said retaining ring.

2. In a photographic shutter, an exposure mechanism comprising aplurality of pivoted blades, a retaining ring for said blades, and anactuating ring having pintles extending therefrom and engaging theblades, said pintles also bearing on the periphery of the retaining ringto guide the actuating ring in its rotary movement.

3. In a photographic shutter, an exposure mechanism comprising a platehaving hollow bosses struck up therefrom, blades mounted to turn on saidbosses, a retaining ring cooperating with the ends of said bosses, and ablade actuating ring having pintles extending therefrom and engaging theblades, said pintles bearing on the periphery of the retaining ring andguiding the actuating ring in its rotary movement.

4. In combination in a photographic shutter having a master member andan actuating lever therefor, a projection on the actuating leverengaging the master member at a point removed from the end thereof andtraveling on the actuating movement of the actuating lever toward saidend of the master lever to slip off the latter in order to free thesame, one of said elements being laterally yieldable to permit theprojection on the actuating lever to pass the master lever on the returnmovement.

5. In an automatic photographic shutter, the combination with amastermember, of an actuating member therefor and two detents, one for bulbexposure, one for time exposure and both controlled by the actuatingmember, the detents being mounted on different turning axes, and asingle spring acting on both detents to move them to detainingpositions.

- 6. In an automatic photographic shutter, the combination with a mastermember, of an actuating member therefor and two detents, one for bulbexposure, one for time exposure, and both controlled by the actuatingmember, the detents being mounted on different pivots and one of thedetents being provided with a slot which receives the pivot of the otherdetent to guide the first named detent.

7. In an automatic photographic shutter,

the combination with the master member, of

an actuating member therefor, and two detents, one for bulb exposure,one for time exposure, and both controlled by the actuating member,separate pivots for the detents, and a coil spring passed about one ofsaid pivots and having one end engaging one of the detents andthe otherend engaging the other of said detents.

8. In a photographic shutter, the combination with a casing comprising awall, a ring-shaped wall projecting from one side of said wall, and anattaching tube projecting from the opposite side of said wall, of

shutter blades pivotally mounted within the ring-shaped wall, a supportsupported by the pivots of said shutter blades, a master lever forcontrolling the operation of the shutter blades, an actuating member forthe master member, and means for controlling the master member toproduce bulb and time exposures, said means being mounted upon thesupport for the pivots of the shutter blades.

9. In a photographic shutter, the combination with a casing comprisinga-wall having a center aperture and a ring-shaped wall projecting fromone side of the first-named wall, of a plate arranged within the casing,blades pivoted to the plate, a retaining ring for the blades, anactuating ring for the blades turning on said retaining ring, asupporting plate abutting said retaining ring and holding the actuatingring in place, and shutter operating mechanisms having portions thereofmounted upon the supporting plate.

10. In a photographic shutter, shutter blades movable in either of twodirections to open and close the shutter by a continuous movement in onedirection, and a motor member acting in one direction only, mechanisminterposed between the motor member and the blades for operating theblades by the motor member in either of said two opposite directions toopen and close the shutter by movement in each direction, locking meansfor holding the shutter blades closed after they have completed theirmovement in either direction, and actuating means for the master member,releasing the latter and the blades simultaneously.

11. In a photographic shutter, shutter blades movable in either of twodirections to open and close the shutter by a simultaneous continuousmovement of the blades in either of two opposite directions, a ringconnected to said blades for operating them, a detent cooperating withsaid ring to hold the latter and the blades in closed position at theend of each of its movements in the two opposite directions, a motormember acting in one direction only, mechanism interposed between themotor member and the blade actuating ring for operating the blades bythe motor member in either of two opposite directions to open and closethe shutter by a movement in each direction, and actuating means formoving the master member in one direction, said actuating meansreleasing the master member and the shutter actuating ringsimultaneously.

12. In a photographic shutter, shutter blades movable to open and closethe shutter by a simultaneous continued movement of the blades first inone direction and then in the other, a motor member acting in onedirection only, and two latches having relative movement between themand interposed between the motor member and the blades for operating theblades by the motor member in either of two opposite directions to openand close the shutter by a movement of the master member in onedirection.

13. In a photographic shutter, shutter blades, a motor member acting inone direction only, two latches having relative movement and moved bythe master member, each latch acting to move the blades to open andclose the shutter by a simultaneous continuous movement of the blades inone direction, one latch moving the blades in one direction and theother latch moving the blades in the other direction.

14. In a photographic shutter, shutter blades, a motor member acting inone direction only, two latches having relative movement and moved bythe master member, each latch acting to move the blades to open andclose the shutter by a simultaneous continuous movement of the blades inone direction, one latch moving the blades in one direction and theother latch moving the blades in the other direction, and means foralternately holding said latches out of connection with the blades.

15. In a photographic shutter, shutter blades, an exposure memberconnected to the shutter blades, and having two engag ing portions, saidexposure member when moving in one direction causing the blades to openand close the shutter and when moving in the other direction alsocausing the blades to open and close the shutter, two

latches having relative movement and each adapted to cooperate with oneof the en gaging portions on the exposure member to shift the latter anda motor member acting on said latches.

16. In a photographic shutter, shutter blades, an exposure memberconnected to the shutter blades, two relatively movable latches adaptedalternately to engage the exposure member to move the latter in oppositedirections, and a master member for shifting said latches alternatelyinto" and out of connection with the exposure member.

17. In a photographic shutter, shutter blades, an exposure memberconnected to the shutter blades and having two engaging portions, tworelatively movable latches, and a master member for moving said latchesalternatelyone into engagement With an engaging portion on the exposuremem ber for shifting the exposure member in one direction to open andclose the shutter by a simultaneous continued movement of the blades inone direction and the other to cooperate with the other engaging portionto be shifted to an inoperative osition.

18. In a photographic s utter, shutter other engaging portion to beshifted to an inoperative position, and devices for holding the latchesout of operative positions after they have been shifted by thecooperating engaging portion on the exposure member.

19. In a photographic shutter, shutter blades, an exposure memberconnected to the shutter blades, two relatively movable latches adaptedalternately to engage the exposure member to move the latter in oppositedirections, two separately pivoted cross levers by which the latches arecarried,

and a master member cooperating with said levers for shifting thelatches.

20. In a photographic shutter, shutter blades, an exposure memberconnected with the shutter blades and provided with two engagingportions, two relatively movable latches adapted alternately to engagethe engaging portions on the exposure member to move the latter inopposite directions, two separately pivoted levers each carrying one ofthe latches, springs interposed between the latches and their levers andtending to move the latches toward the exposure member, a master membercooperating with both of said latch-carrying levers, and means forholding one of said latches out of cooperation with the exposure memberwhile the other latch is moving the exposure member in order to open andclose the shutter by a continued movement of the blades in onedirection.

naiaeso tively movable latches adapted alternatelyto engage theprojections on the exposure memher to move the latter in oppositedirections, two separately pivoted cross levers each car rying one ofthe latches, springs interposed between the latches and their levers andtending to move the latches toward the exposure ring, a master memberhaving con nection with both levers to move the latches alternately oneinto engagement with a projection on the exposure member for shiftingthe latter in one direction to open and close the shutter by asimultaneous continuous movement of the blades in one direction, and theother to cooperate with the other projection to be shifted to aninoperative position, and devices for holding the latches out ofoperative positions after they have been shifted by the projections onthe exposure ring.

22. In a photographic shutter, havingmechanism to be controlled, acontrolling ring for such mechanism having a laterallyturned flange, andyielding friction-producing means acting on said flange.

23. In a photographic shutter having mechanism to be controlled, acontrolling ring having ailaterally turned flange, and a split ring onthe shutter engaging the inner face of said flange.

24. In a photographic shutter havlng an operating mechanism and aretarding mechanism for the shutter, provided with a retarder lever, anintermediate lever which is engaged by the retarder lever so that thelatter first slides away from the pivot of the intermediate lever andthe latter then slides away from the pivot of the retarder lever.

ANDREW WOLLENSAK.

